{"id":10948,"date":"2022-05-21T09:41:49","date_gmt":"2022-05-21T08:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/?p=10948"},"modified":"2026-02-18T09:18:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T08:18:58","slug":"a-hostressz-hatasa-a-szarvasmarhak-termelesere-es-szaporodasara-bevezeto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/a-hostressz-hatasa-a-szarvasmarhak-termelesere-es-szaporodasara-bevezeto\/","title":{"rendered":"A h\u0151stressz hat\u00e1sa a szarvasmarh\u00e1k termel\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s szaporod\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u2013 Bevezet\u0151"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A glob\u00e1lis felmeleged\u00e9s vil\u00e1gszerte negat\u00edvan hat a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi termel\u00e9sre, \u00e9s az \u00e1llatteny\u00e9szt\u00e9si \u00e1gazat k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9rintett.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>A megemelkedett h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet hat\u00e1sa azonban nem azonos a vil\u00e1g minden r\u00e9sz\u00e9n, mivel f\u00fcgg a tart\u00e1si rendszert\u0151l \u00e9s az adott \u00e9ghajlati \u00f6vezett\u0151l. Az \u00e1llatokra gyakorolt k\u00f6zvetlen hat\u00e1son t\u00fal a glob\u00e1lis felmeleged\u00e9s befoly\u00e1solja a talaj term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9t, a v\u00edzell\u00e1t\u00e1st, a n\u00f6v\u00e9nytermeszt\u00e9si hozamokat \u00e9s a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k terjed\u00e9s\u00e9t is.<\/p>\n<p>A tr\u00f3pusi ter\u00fcleteken, ahol a magas h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet m\u00e1r jelenleg is komoly probl\u00e9m\u00e1t jelent, a legink\u00e1bb \u00e9rintett r\u00e9gi\u00f3k a szubtr\u00f3pusi mediterr\u00e1n \u00f6vezetek, ahol az \u00e1llatok \u00e9vente 3\u20135 h\u00f3napon kereszt\u00fcl jelent\u0151s h\u0151stressznek vannak kit\u00e9ve. Ezekben a t\u00e9rs\u00e9gekben tov\u00e1bbi kritikus t\u00e9nyez\u0151 a magas termel\u00e9s\u0171 \u00e1llatok nagy s\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9ge a specializ\u00e1lt farmokon. Ugyanakkor a legeltet\u00e9ses rendszerek is vesz\u00e9lyben vannak a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s veget\u00e1ci\u00f3ra \u00e9s v\u00edzell\u00e1t\u00e1sra gyakorolt k\u00f6zvetett hat\u00e1sai miatt.<\/p>\n<p>A kedvez\u0151tlen h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleti viszonyoknak (magas h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet \u00e9s p\u00e1ratartalom kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3ja) kitett szarvasmarh\u00e1k h\u0151lead\u00e1si k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge cs\u00f6kken, ami a testh\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet fiziol\u00f3gi\u00e1s hat\u00e1rokon t\u00fali emelked\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezet. Ezt az \u00e1llapotot nevezz\u00fck h\u0151stressznek, amely rontja a tejel\u0151 \u00e9s h\u00edz\u00f3marh\u00e1k j\u00f3l\u00e9t\u00e9t \u00e9s termel\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9t. H\u0151stressz eset\u00e9n cs\u00f6kken a sz\u00e1razanyag-felv\u00e9tel, n\u0151 a v\u00edzfogyaszt\u00e1s, romlik a t\u00e1panyagok hasznosul\u00e1sa, ami jelent\u0151s termel\u00e9scs\u00f6kken\u00e9shez vezet.<\/p>\n<p>A h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet \u00e9s a p\u00e1ratartalom egy\u00fcttes hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9re, valamint a h\u0151stressz kock\u00e1zat\u00e1nak becsl\u00e9s\u00e9re a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u2013p\u00e1ratartalom indexet (THI \u2013 Temperature-Humidity Index) alkalmazz\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<p>Tejel\u0151 tehenek eset\u00e9ben a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s jelent\u0151s hat\u00e1ssal van a tej szerves \u00e9s szervetlen \u00f6sszetev\u0151ire. A h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet-emelked\u00e9s a sajtgy\u00e1rt\u00e1st is befoly\u00e1solja: v\u00e1ltozik mind a kihozatal, mind a min\u0151s\u00e9g, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a nyers, paszt\u00f6riz\u00e1latlan \u00e9s nem standardiz\u00e1lt tejb\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt sajtok eset\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<p>A h\u00edz\u00f3marh\u00e1k h\u0151stressz\u00e9t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 s\u00falyosnak tartj\u00e1k, mint a tejel\u0151 tehenek\u00e9t, mivel a h\u00edz\u00f3\u00e1llatok magasabb THI-toleranci\u00e1val rendelkeznek, ami lassabb anyagcser\u00e9j\u00fcknek \u00e9s alacsonyabb h\u0151termel\u00e9s\u00fcknek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151. Ennek ellen\u00e9re \u0151k is kompenz\u00e1lnak liheg\u00e9ssel, izzad\u00e1ssal, fokozott vizel\u00e9ssel \u00e9s viselked\u00e9sv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1ssal \u2013 cs\u00f6kkent aktivit\u00e1ssal, fokozott v\u00edzfelv\u00e9tellel \u00e9s cs\u00f6kkent takarm\u00e1nyfelv\u00e9tellel. A takarm\u00e1nyfelv\u00e9tel a nap h\u0171v\u00f6sebb id\u0151szak\u00e1ra tol\u00f3dik.<\/p>\n<p>Ezek a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok anyagcsere-zavarokhoz, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul bend\u0151acid\u00f3zishoz vezethetnek. A f\u0151 k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyek a cs\u00f6kkent napi s\u00falygyarapod\u00e1s \u00e9s a h\u00edm- \u00e9s n\u0151ivar\u00fa \u00e1llatok term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9nek roml\u00e1sa.<\/p>\n<p>Az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamokban v\u00e9gzett becsl\u00e9sek szerint a h\u0151stressz okozta gazdas\u00e1gi vesztes\u00e9gek \u00e9vente 897 milli\u00f3 doll\u00e1rt tesznek ki a tejiparban \u00e9s 369 milli\u00f3 doll\u00e1rt a h\u00fasmarha-\u00e1gazatban.<\/p>\n<p>Ez az \u00edr\u00e1ssorozat a h\u0151stressz tej- \u00e9s h\u00fastermel\u00e9sre, valamint a szarvasmarh\u00e1k reprodukci\u00f3j\u00e1ra gyakorolt f\u0151bb hat\u00e1sait mutatja be. <a href=\"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/2022\/05\/21\/indeks-temperature-i-vlaznosti-vazduha\/\">Folytat\u00e1s ITT<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ford\u00edtotta \u00e9s adapt\u00e1lta:<br \/>\nKatarina \u0160olaja<br \/>\n2022. \u00e1prilis<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A glob\u00e1lis felmeleged\u00e9s vil\u00e1gszerte negat\u00edvan hat a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi termel\u00e9sre, \u00e9s az \u00e1llatteny\u00e9szt\u00e9si \u00e1gazat k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9rintett.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-takarmanyozas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10948"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10949,"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10948\/revisions\/10949"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semexpkbb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}